Dr. Vardaman “Vardy” Buckalew was an important contributor to the development of modern nephrology, helping to shape the field during the era when dialysis and specialized kidney care became established parts of medical practice. In this Oral History of Nephrology interview, conducted by Dr. Dugan W. Maddux on May 17, 2009, Dr. Buckalew reflects on his education, research career, and leadership in building nephrology programs and dialysis services. He offers firsthand perspectives on the growth of the specialty, advances in renal physiology and hypertension research, and the challenges and opportunities that transformed kidney care in the latter half of the twentieth century.